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Churchill-Bingham Letters

Ridge Prairie, Madison Co, IL Feb. 20, 1843

Dear Caroline,

I rec'd your letter of Jan. 29 on Saturday last and have read it to Mrs. H. A. W. Perrigo. She is well but has a sick baby born Dec. 26, 1832 named Harriet Drusilla Perrigo, who is very sick and requiring the constant attention of eithr the mother or a hired girl. The basby is named after its deceased Aunt Harriet Perrigo and its grandmother Drusilla Perrigo. It has three "ague cakes", on on its face, one on its right wrist, one on its body. Thus far it has not found this world a very pleasant one. Nan Tayo says it is "nine daby and sitters" (my baby and sister.) The old folks and Nan Tayo are going to leave us the first of next month to live on Widow Parkinson's farm near Highland.

Cold weather - At Galena the mercury has this winter sunk in the thermometer to 32 degrees below zero. Here only 2 degrees below. And yet I find it plenty cold enough here. You are still further north than Galena and must have felt tolerably cool weather. No wonder that Felix O'Flynn could not stand it among the Badgers.

Your father has had fever and ague for companions all the fall and winter. He has at length got into the coal business and has a boy and team engaged in hauling coal to St. Louis, and a digger at the Bluff. Fletcher Robinson was married last week to one of old John Lamm's girls. Your father and step mother attended and when they went home on Friday, your stepmother was lying down in the wagon sick. So I am told by Mr. Corwman and Jemony (?).

The Rev. John H. Benson died at his home in this vicinity of consumption on Sunday, Feb. 5. Was buried at Collinsville on Tuesday after. Had left a large and needy family.

Mr. Wm. Weer, Jun., a graduate of McKendrie College keeps school at our log school house; Miss Laura M. Smith, at Troy; Mr. Kenny at Posey's. Mr. O. P. Hare at Mt. Gilead. Five or six girls from this neighborhood attend Mr. Braley's Academy at Collinsville.

Your Pa and I concluded to buy that letter from Monroe. Found it signed "Gorge Churchhill jun." I am still of the opinion that it is not Martin George's writing or spelling. It looks like a female hand.

So Uncle ??? has become Lawyer and Landlord. Does he practice at the Bar in both capacities?

IR. Perrigo, jun. and lady and daughter live in my home. They have Miss Mary Ann Gaskill, while David's youngest, as help. They had Miss Mary Ann Sackett for 8 weeks, and paid her 8 silver dollars; but money would not make her stay any longer. The hard times do not affect the girls: but they increase their wages as money grows scarce. I suppose the immigration to Wisconsin keeps up the prices of provisions there. Is your mother married yet? How is GrandMa?

The Smalls: I have not seen them for a long time except Miss Charlotte Elizabeth whom I saw at Minerva's last Saturday. I learn that Mr. Small has sold his house to a Mr. Tufts, a tailor from St. Louis, and is to build another, and that he Smalls and Tufts all live now in the same house. Miss Julia, I think, is at Monticello Seminary.

If you want t a letter from Miss Mary C. Weeks, write to her and say that you will pay postage both ways. Then I think you will have a letter from her.

Mr. Brady has built elegant Academy at Collinsville. Some of the young theological students have erected a framed house to study in, which they call "The Dormitory". Some of the wags had called it "The Gospel Factory". Mr. Blood (?) intends the theological and Latin students.

Rev. Mr. Chamberlain preaches at Troy every other Sunday. He was once a missionary to the Cherokees. The people talk of erecting a meeting house at Troy. They now meet in the store house formerly occupied by T. T. Kreffs. (?) I attend there sometimes when the traveling is had, but usually alternately at Collinsville and Marine Settlement under the ministration of Rev. J. L. Darrow of the Protestant Episcopal Church to whose communion I belong.

Before you write your letter to Pa, inquire of Landlord, Lawyer, Gardner where Monroe is; and tell your Pa all about it. I expect to go to Kingston Bluff about the time your letter gets there and shall expect to see one well filled out. You might have put about twice as much matter in the letter now before me. Tell Master George to write a part of it so that I can see his genuine writing and spelling.

I suppose you have frequent preaching at Monroe, and therefore I have not filled my letter with exhortations: but you must permit me to ask you to turn to Ecclesiastes XII, I, and to follow the inspired advice there given. Much of your future happiness depend upon seeking first the Kingdom of heaven. Those who have postponed this all important concern have always had reason to repent, then delay.

Hasten (?) to be wise; Stay not for the Morrow's here Wisdom if you still despise Harder is it to be won.

Truly yours, George Churchill

PS: Uncle Levi remains in status quo. His house was as fine as a fiddler when he went into it. Now is somewhat resembles a pig pen. At any rate, he lives above board, for there is a thick dark colored court between him and the floor.

Ridge Prairie, Madison Co., Illinois, May 21, 1844

Dear Caroline,

Martin Jepi Norman Churchill has been with me from Saturday afternoon till this morning. He has now gone to see his cousin Hannah near Highland. He informs that you and Mr. Bingham are going to Vermont this season. If you do, I perceive you will go through Buffalo. Do not fail to visit your Aunt Mrs. Woodruff and your cousins Mrs. Mary W. Timmerman, wife of Benjamin Timmerman, cabinet maker, and his sister Almira Amelia (?) and "Cereeny" - spelled Corinna, I believe. They live in the upper part of the city where it is almost like the country. So this Timmerman says, in her letter of Feb. 18. Aunt Betsey will be tickled almost to death to see you.

Norman cannot tell from what part of Vermont your husband hails. Should you go to West Rutland inquire for the children of old Deacon Timothy Boardman. They will probably remember your father and me. They certainly will remember your grandfather, Rev. Jepe Churchill. If you go to Castleton inquire for Stephen D. Eaton*, or his son Milo Eaton. Probably the old man is dead. He had several daughters as Myra, Eilvia (?), Jerusha, but doubtless their names have been changed. Perhaps you may see in that vicinity an old gristmill known as Northrup's Mill formerly owned by Ira Northrup. There your father lived awhile when he was a little boy, and there I used to go to mill frequently from Hubbardton, my native town. Hubbardton was once the abode of a great many of the Churchills and Rumseys, but most of them have departed. Still there are probably many old people there who would make much of "uncle Jepe Churchills" granddaughter - especially when informed that she is a Tucker. I presume there are some Churchills in Hubbardton, children of Amos Churchill who was uncle to Alfred and Joseph W. Churchill of Kane Co., IL. Aunt Eliza commonly called "Aunt Lizzy", widow of Silas Churchill, was alive when I last heard from Hubbardton several years ago. They had no children. Then there was "Uncle Thornid"(?), or Nathaniel Churchill. He is probably dead, but he had sundry children.

If you go to Cornwall, Addison Co., please inquire about Rev. Jedidiah Bushnell, and his children. I studied English composition with Mr. B. a short time and I think your father lived with him after I went to Albany.

When I was a little boy I used to hear the Rev. Silas L. Bingham preach, sometimes. Was he your husband's grandfather? He lived, I think, at Mount Holly, and it is said his middle name was Long. At any rate he used to preach very long sermons.

If you go to Vermont, you will see a thousand things which you have never seen yet. Lush hills and mountains and rocks and stone heaps and stone fences and turnpike roads and gates. Please make up a blank book before you start, and every day set down what you see and hear and when you get back among the Badgers you can make them ?

As a general rule, I presume that the generation of Vermonters whom I knew have gone off from the stage, but there is probably here and there a survivor.

I was at Kingston Bluff 10 days ago. Your father was tolerably well. Your stepmother and little Betty looked "puny". They have got a fine new clock which cost $2.50 at St. Louis. Also a set of fine chairs, which cost 50 cts. Cash. The place somewhat resembles, out of doors, Capt. Seth Wideropen's (?) place in the Village of Tumble Down which you have probably seen delineated in Peter Pauley's Almanac.

We have hard times here. Year before last, grain was plenty; but we could not get enough for it to pay for hauling to market and the ferriages. Last year the winter wheat was mostly winter-killed and the corn crop a very small one. (From here for the remainder of the paragraph, a piece of the letter has been ripped off.) Thing looked well for a time, but the ?. Worm, have come; and whether the w ?. All, or least a part, is yet uncertain ?.. Weeks past we have had a succession of ?. Rain; and it will probably be a week ? The ground will be dry enough to ?.

Mrs. Hannah Amelia Weeks Perrigo has ? Your present of a pamphlet with pictures ? It; and I promise would be glad of more. I paid the postage and read it, and gave it to her one Sunday when she was coming to a protracted meeting at Troy. Troy has now 2 churches with steeples to them: 2 stores, 2 blacksmith shops and sundry diver (?) mechanics. It is, indeed, going ahead. The Gaskills have all left the Creek house except Mr. George Washington Gaskill and Mrs. Nancy Teter Gaskill. Billy Good is dead, and his brother, Mr. John Good. Hannah's husband is a tenant of old Billy Husong who used to hammer the benches at Mount Gileed with his fist while at prayer when you were a little child. They live in a most solitary place. I expect to have a great crop of peaches this year: an article which I suppose the Badger never see. Other fruit not so plenty. We had a snow storm March 29 and 30 which injured the fruit. Peaches were then in blossom. George Churchill

(added May 22, 1844). Last night I rec'd a letter from brother Norman full of Abolitionism, political abolitionism, I mean. The news which he sends is as follows. Emily is teaching school at Farmington, Fulton Co., IL. Mr. Weeks is expecting his father and uncle Chauncey to come to Galesburg in about 4 weeks. [the letter was dated May 12}. ?? Seymour Egglerton will not come this fall. "Three families are expected from old Herkima this week. W. W. W. has gone to Chicago to bring down a load of them. ??? Bill must have a hard time of it. Very muddy. Sloosfull. The nasty, stinking Cedar Fork is now a noble river.

If such was the case at Galesburg on the 12th, what is the case now for we have had heavy rains until Monday night, May 20. The Mississippi has already got into the ??? under the Market house, St. Louis, and is still rising. The American Bottom is much of it under water. If we have a hot dry summer after this there will be ????? in the Bottom.

Norman must have had a tough time going to Jimmy's yesterday for it was a cool day, and one of the Hagley told me that the water was waist deep in the Silver Creek bottom. I hope that he has stopped at Skeanborough with his old neighbor and waited for the flood to subside.

*Stephen D. Eaton's first wife was your grandfather's sister. Milo Eaton is your father's cousin.

(First letter address to Mrs. Caroline E. C. Bingham, Monroe, Greene Co., Wisconsin Ter. ?. Then added "Per Japet Norman Churchill".)

Ridge Prairie, Madison Co., IL, July 13, 1845

Dear Caroline,

Your letter of Oct. 9, 1844, is now before me. I have foreborne to answer it hitherto because I expected to see your long letter to your Pa, but it had not arrived when I was last at Kingston Bluff just one month ago. Your Pa was well as usual, and plowing corn on the new farm in the Bottom which last year was about 15 feet under water. Little Betty, alias Elvira, was also as well as usual, i.e. she was "puny" and very bashful and timid. No peaches this year at Kingston Bluff or Ridge Prairie or anywhere in these parts but your stepmother will have some winter apples. It is said there will be peaches in the regions round about Springfield and Peoria. We expect a good many blackberries and they will soon be ripe. Indeed I ate 3 ripe ones on the 29th June. Your Pa and step-Ma talked strongly about moving down to their Bottom farm, and building a house thereon, but I sort o think they will not do it. There has been a pretty considerable flood in the Mississippi since I was at Kingston Bluff, and if the water did not come up to the Bottom farm, it must have come pretty near it. Cahokie (?) and Minors Iowa and the Levee near the latter place were under water. The river is now falling. Of course the suffering will not be like that of last year. If you have not written your long letter to your Pa yet, please be reminded of it when you read this. I expect to visit the Bluff occasionally, and shall there inquire for the long letter. I am sorry you are a little more than 300 miles from Collinsville, by the mail routes, and therefore cannot send and receive five cent letters from the Bluff.

Elder Perrigo and Lady and "Nan Tayo's Daby and Sitters" removed to Galesburg last November. They had got tired of Hufsongville where they were surrounded with solitude and Lois Facor, and Dutchmen, and Fever and Agnes, and where they had the misfortune to lose their second child, and when other people's hogs gathered part of the Elders corn. I suppose Hannah does not expect to remain long in Galesburg when the people appear to have little else to live upon besides Learnings and Presbyterianism and Abolitionism. The Elder has a bond for a deed of a first rate tract of land of 80 acres in Section 18, 9N, 4E, about half way from Galesburg to Peoria in a fine settlement which I call Geersville, from 2 to 3 Yankee families living there of the name of Geer. That is about as near as I should want to live to Galesburg which places just far enough from Oghawka on the west, and Peoria on the East to make every thing dear which the people buy at the stores, and to make the cost of transportation take off all the profits on their produce. Now think Geersville a much better town to live in than Galesburg. I have given Wm. W. Weeks 80 acres of land at the same place.

Troy Presbyterian Church. The present Elders are Dr. Joel K. Reiner, Thomas Smith, and Wesley Jarvis. Smith is a new-comer. Reiner used to reside at Collinsville. Rev. Mr. Lippincott preaches to them every other Sunday. Lives at Marine.

The Scotts - Miss Pharsalia has married a widower named Sanders, in the Bottom near the Land (?) Ridge. Miss Elizabeth Jane having been disappointed by Mr. George Washington Gaskill has married a Mr. J. R. Willoughby, son of John Willoughby. Cyrus Scott, jr., has married Miss Paulina Renfro, daughter of the Rev. Jepe, and lives next east of my school land farm. Miss Lydia Ann having accomplished her education at Galesburg has become a school mistress and is teaching the young idea "how to shoot" as Jeremy Thomson says, near the Sand Ridge towards Alton. Thomas S. Waddle and wife are both dead. They died last winter of what was popularly called the "Cold Plague" which was very fatal in some places. Old Mr. Seybold is dead. I believe all of Squire Sam's children at still unmarried - except the eldest who married David Thee (?).

The Gaskils of the Brick House - George W. married Miss Nancy Teter. They occupy said house. Stephen lives on the School land farmed owned by his late father. The rest of them live at Uncle Pickering's water-lime factory in St. Clair Co. Minerva and Cordelia and "lipy" are there, together with the piano, so we have no music here and nobody to "pull it out". None of them married since you left.

Uncle David's Gaskills - Miss Julia Ann married a carpenter named Fairbanks. They have removed to St. Louis. The rest remain in status quo.

Skeamborough and Mount Gilead - I have not been there for a long time; but think these places do not flourish. Some of Ben Haglin's children are dead, and some married, but I cannot state all the particulars. One of them married George Holme, an English tailor who lives in Troy. In Dec. 1843, I found Cleveland Hagles on Ellison Creek in Warren Co., IL, Sec. 28, 9 N, 3W which he thinks is the best place in the world. Billy Good is dead. One of the Vineyard boys is gone to Essex Co., NY to fulfill a contract of matrimony entered into "unsight, unseen" as the Yankee pedlars say with a young lady of said country. Negotiation carried on and conducted by letter. This information I have from our P.M., Moses Bardley, and suppose it is true - though it is rather a singular measure. Your old beau, the Rev. Samuel Kelley, has moved up North, I think, to Scott Co.

My frame house, once occupied by G. Lacy, was burnt one night last winter.

Times are very hard here, occasioned by Lou Focoim, which first expanded the currency beyond all reason and tempted the people to run into debt, and embark in visionary undertakings and speculations, and then, on a sudden, contracted the currency to the opposite extreme. The result is that two kinds of the people owe more than there is any probability of their ever being able to pay. Transactions which were considered at the time perfectly safe, have proved ruinous to thousands. The estate of Silvanus Gaskill is likely to be swallowed up in the payment of a debt of the late Ebenezer Pickering, for whom Gaskill was a security. Both estates would have been large and solvent, but for the expansion and contraction of the currency by Lois Taco vetoes and Loi Foco legislations. For my own part, I never supposed the expansion would continue long, and therefore used, as I thought, all possible caution, yet I have been a heavy sufferer. I have lost about $4,000 by investments in Insurance Company stocks and how much in the decrease of the value of property and loss of money lent to persons who have been made poor by the destruction of the currency, it is impossible to estimate. I hope to sell land enough to enable me to pay off my debts, and as this is more than most people can do, I ought not to repine (?). Still I cannot think of Loco Focoism with pleasure when I reflect that it has destroyed the best currency that any nation ever ?? and brought us to our present condition. And as to Abolitionism - poor, miserable, hypocritical political Abolitionism! It is still worse! It has secured the annexation of Texas, the perpetuation of slavery, the subjection of the free states to the slave states, and in my opinion, the ultimate destruction of our republican government, by the course which it took in the late presidential election. But for Abolitionism, Mr. Clay would have received the votes of N.York and been elected. Texas would have remained as she was, a separate nation, slavery would have gradually disappeared from many of the present slave states, and the thirst for more territory would have been effectually checked. But as it is, I look forward till I see the whole continent and adjacent islands annexed to the US and hear the people sigh because there are no more worlds to annex. A republican government never can manage such discordant materials.

(Not signed by from George Churchill)

(Envelope with #10 in stamp corner addressed to Mrs. Caroline E. C. Bingham and Mr. Noman Churchill, Monroe, Greene Co, Wisconsin T.)

(Inside envelope)

John Davis has recovered $50 of Moses Bardsley for slander in saying that Davis stole corn from him.

I was at Springfield during the winter as a member of the HofR. Pay of members was reduced 25 per cent. I boarded at the house of Mrs. R. G. Francis, widow of Cornin (?) C Francis. Got home March 4, first day of the reign of James III. Was taken sick march 28 and had a long siege of it. Dr. Gates attended upon me. Tom Brady has married Miss Amelia, daughter of Calvin McCray. Macdonough Gates has become a schoolmaster. Keeps in a new cabin south of Gillets. Uncle Levi - Fat as a seal - looks healthy - eats a?? is a real "mangeur delard" as the French say, but don't work much. Troy - 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 blacksmiths, 3 doctors, 1 carding machine, 1 cooper, 2 tailors, 1 tavern, 1 P.O., and a great many carpenters.

Remember me to your husband, mother, Counsellor Temp, and your brothers and sisters. Don't forget that "long letter" [to your Pa, of course] W. F. Purviance has got a daughter at last, and is mightily tickled. James Purviance lives on the old Seybold farm. Lately the property of Isaac ???

Truly yours, GC

Ridge Prairie, Madison Co., IL, Oct. 1, 1845

Dear Caroline,

I wrote you on the 25th Aug. Since that time sickness has rather increased than ?. It is the most sickly season I have ever witnessed. The deaths, however, are few, compared with the cases of ??. Still we have to lament several deaths. Horance W. Look, son of the P.M. at Collingville, died at Rock Springs, week before last. He died very happy. At his request, Rev. Mr. Damon read the burial service, and preached his funeral sermon. He had been in Jacksonville College about a year, was about 22 years old, and a man of uncommon genius. He wrote many excellent pieces of poetry for the papers. James Watt, jun, son of James Watt, Esq., died yesterday. He was recently married. His brother John is dangerously sick. One of his sisters, who was married to some man near Edwardsville, whose named I have forgotten, died several weeks ago. So you see father Watt's family have suffered severely.

Abraham Nashooren (?), (?) of widow Nanhooser, died on Sunday last. Rev. Jipe Renfro has lost a daughter this fall. I suppose you sometimes cast a longing, lingering look back to Skeanborough, alias Gilead: but it has been sadly depopulated by sickness and death. Doctor Hall and Reiner have concluded that there is too much sickness in these parts for them and have either gone or about to the St. Croix WT for their health.

I have not been at Kingston Bluff for some time. I suppose your folks there are well. I have heard nothing to the contrary.

I have recd 4 Nos. of the Wisconsin Argus, all in a heap, and have read them with some amusement, to see how different Badger Locofoism is from Pennsylvania Locofoism. The editor, John Y. Smith, I conclude is "no small fool." If he could sell himself at his own valuation, and buy himself back at the valuation of other people, what a "spec" he would make! His motto, "The world is governed too much," I have seen before. It is the true Penitentiary motto. All the murderers, incerdiaries, burglars, thieves, Dorrity (?), Anti Renters --- which brought to justice an ? to adopt John Y. Smith's motto. "No rogue e'er felt the halter draw, With good opinion of the law." But there is one part of the world, to wit: Hancock Co. IL where even Locoforos will admit that the world is not governed too much.

I perceive that Uncle "Temp" (?) has reached the dignity of Secretary of a Locofoes Convention. Well - I suppose that Locofocoism is the door which opens to the honor and ?? of office and under the present Locofoes situation of the currency, nobody but officeholders, doctors and inn keepers can make money.

In the Argus of Aug. 12 are the proceedings of a "Democratic District Convention." It affirms that Manitouwoc and Marquette counties sent no nelegates. Whereupon, "On motion, the Fond du Lac delegation were allowed to cast two votes for the county of Manitouwoc and two votes for the county of Marquette." !!!!!!!! This is an improvement upon the old science of Ruckerising. Quite a specimen of Badger "Democracy." But I suppose it is all right for I see the name of the celebrated Conservative N. P. Tallmadge at the head of this all powerful "Fond du Lac delegation." But will not the sages of "Manitonwoc and Marquette" conclude that "the world is governed too much," when they find themselves thus unceremoniously put under the guardianship of N. P. Tallmadge & Co."

"Humes, ex'is ? of Humes deceased vs. Cox - Error to Grant County - Judgement reversed with costs." Ayers Aug. 26 Is this your uncle Thompson Humes? Is he deceased?

John Y. Smith says that "All democrats will admit that duties on foreign goods impose the same tax on all domestic goods of the same kind."

I suppose he means that all who doubt this apertion are to be excommunicated from the "democratic" church. But how supremely ridiculous it is! A duty of 25 cents a bushel on foreign potatoes improses the same tax on Minion potatoes, for which we are sometimes glad to get ten cents a bushel!! A ?? at Mobile, about as "democratic as John Y. Smith, told his hearers that they paid a tax of six cents on every yard of domestic shirtings?? which they bought - and all to enrich the eastern manufacturers. A bystander replied, "I don't see how that can be, for I buy my shirting for five cents a yard." But I suppose that Badger "democrats" are compelled to believe John Y. Smith when he says the people "pay a tax of $72,000,000 on $240,000,000 of domestic goods. He uses the real knock down argumenet. "According to democratic doctrine, the moon is made of green cheese. If you disbelieve it, you've no democrat!" John wants to have no tariff, but support the general government by direct taxation. Try it, John. Try it.

I wish John would write a letter or chapter upon Jimmy Polk's famous J. K. Kane letter which gained him so many votes in Pennsylvania last year. Ifear that even Polk himself will be cast out of the democratic church by the valiant John Y. Smith!

Currency. "It is said that banks make money plenty. So do grocers make brandy plenty by pouring water into it, and the more plentiful it becomes, the more it grows, and thus it is with paper money." Argus.

Suppose that from time immemorial it was customary to put a gallon of water to a gallon of spirit, and sell it as two gallons of brandy. I suppose that Lacoposim got the upper hand and decreed that you might put three gallons of water to a gallon of spirit, and it should be considered as four gallons of brandy.

Suppose at this time the fees and ? of public officers, as they are to be paid in very weak brandy, are fixed very high - 25,000 gallons a year to the president, 8 gallons a day to the Congressman, and so forth. Suppose that many of the people borrow very large quantities of brandy and others go their security; and others buy lands, town lots, ?? to be paid at a given time in brandy: so that nine tenths of the people are deeply in debt, but no more than they can pay if the standard of brandy is not meddle with.

Suppose at this uncture, Locofocoism turns a shortcomer and decrees that nothing but the June (?) Mint shall be considered as the "constitutional" brandy: that no water whatever would be put to it, but that officeholders and creditors should receive the full amount of their brandy claims in genuine alcohol. Suppose all this - and you have a true representation of the action of Locofosoism on the currency. Is it any wonder that the people are (?) and the office holders made rich?

I learn from Galesburg that Mrs. Hannah Amelia Weeks Perrigo has another daughter - born about the last of August. Mr. Perrigo had bought a share in a threshing machine, and was threshing wheat for a living. Uncle Weeks was building a College. They had some peaches in Knobe (?) this year. I suppose you hear of the Mines cut up in Hancock Co. by the Mormons and Anti-mormons. Have you any Mormons among the Badgers?

John Smith's learned stuff on the Currency and Tariff was marked with blue ink. Hence I presume it is all time blue Badger Locofocoism. If manufacturing is such profitable business, why does not John go at it? If John will send a file of the Argus to Sir Robert Peel, he will have a pension granted him. John Bull cannot ? himself better than John G. Smith quits him. How nice it will be to admit John Bull's productions free of duty, while American produce is excluded from Gret Britain by heavy duties.

Truly yours. George Churchill.

PS: Wonder if John Y. Smith will not take Hoosier bank notes for the Wisconsin Argus? I should hate to offer them.


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